Alabbas asked:

What are the epistemology schools?

What is the difference between theory and philosophy?

What is the difference between epistemological theories and theories of science?

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Epistemology is the thjeory of knowledge: It tries to find the answers to the following three questions:
What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? What are the sources of knowledge?

Historically, the two main theories of epistemology have been Rationalism and Empiricism. What
divides them is the place of reason in of knowledge. Rationalism (as the name implies) says that
reason is central to knowledge, and downplays the role of sense-observation. Empiricism thinks that
what is central to knowledge is sense-observation, and gives reason an subordinate role.

Philosophy is the study of the central concepts in terms of which human beings understand the world
like "existence" "truth" and, as you have just seem, "knowledge." Theory is one of the central
concepts in science and is another one studied by philosophy. Theories are explanations of what
happens. They explain why what happens, happens. For instance, the theory of gravity explains,
among other things: why objects fall; why there are tides; and why planets move in elliptical orbits
around the sun.

The philosophy of science is an important part of epistemology since science is our main way
(perhaps our only way) of acquiring reliable knowledge. Some contemporary philosophers have
argued that science is the model for all of epistemology, and that "science is the mainland and
epistemology the peninsular."

Kenneth Stern