Philo
Sophos
·com

philosophy is for everyone
and not just philosophers

philosophers should know lots
of things besides philosophy


PhiloSophos knowledge base

Pathways to Philosophy programs

Pathways web sites

Philosophy lovers gallery

Science, arts and humanities

PhiloSophos home

home first back 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 forward

Peter asked:

I am doing an essay on free will and am taking the side that there is such a thing as free will and I
need two philosophers. I have St. Augustine. I also need someone else who believes in it. Do you
have any ideas?

For the other side, I have Hobbes and Hume or Skinner. And for the middle I have Kant. Any help
would be greatly appreciated.

============

I think you should re-examine your assumption that Hume, for instance, does not believe there is
free-will. He does. That is because he believes that free will is compatible with determinism. On the
other hand, Skinner believes that there is no free will because he believes that determinism and free
will are incompatible. So the difference between Hume and Skinner really rests on whether
determinism (that every event has a cause) is, or is not compatible with free will. It is because they
cannot agree on that, that they appear to disagree on whether there is free will. So, the question is
not so much as whether there is free will, but whether free will and determinism are compatible, and
that has to be settled first. Kant believes that free will and determinism are incompatible, but he also
thinks there is a part of Man that is somehow exempt from determinism, and is therefore, free. I would
not say that Kant is "in the middle." The issue is not so much whether human beings have free will as
why some philosophers think they do, and other philosophers think they do not.

Kenneth Stern