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Larry asked:
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Are Works of Art in the mind?
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============
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I would like to add something to Jurgen's answer (Answers 20).
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No. Works of art such as a painting or sculpture are objects in the world. There is a vast amount of
literature on what makes an object a work of art, and one idea is it's fitness to be an object of
aesthetic appreciation, although this allows in natural objects. Another is that the institution of art
determines which things are works of art. Jurgen mentions music which is a particularly difficult case.
Is the sonata the score, or the performance? If it is a performance that is still external to the mind, and
might be thought of as an event. But then each performance is different so its relationship to the
score might be an identifying feature.
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There is a possibility that Martians might not be able to appreciate objects for their aesthetic qualities,
but the only implication here is that they lack a mental and emotional capacity to respond in a certain
way. Aesthetic qualities may be called tertiary. Whereas it is within a normal person's capacity to
detect a secondary quality such as blue, aesthetic appreciation seems to be more a matter of taste.
But even if there is this subjective element, there is still something in an object to which we respond,
and our tastes can be educated so that we can be brought to appreciate an aspect of something. To
say that appreciation of a work of art depends upon capacities and taste is not the same as saying
that a work of art is in the head. It is simply to admit that aesthetic response is more sophisticated and
less natural than having a sensation of blue.
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A piece of music arouses emotions in us because of the nature of the music. It is not some strange
accident that when a piece is played we just happen to feel sad. Art is deeply related to the way we
live in the real world. Literature, which invites us into the internal lives of others, can change our
attitude to people. Pictorial art can show us new ways to look at the world.
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When we turn inwards, in our sadness on hearing a piece of music, this is an internal occurrence.
What we learn from literature brings an internal change in us as subjects. When we see the world
differently, there has been an internal adjustment. But in each case this is brought about by
something external to us. If art was in the mind it would be a dream, and this is not what we mean by
art. Works of art connect us the world, dreams do not.
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Rachel Browne
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