Lev asked:

In how many ways does mind differ from matter?

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It all depends on what theory you find more attractive. If you are a materialist then there is no
difference, the mind just ismatter. If you are an idealist, them matter is just a collection of ideas in the
mind. If you are a dualist then there are many differences. Descartes thought that the main difference
between mind and matter is that matter is a substance that is extended in space and time, this is the
essence of matter. The essence of mind, on the other hand, is to think or to be conscious.

If you looked at a philosophy book, you would probably see a list like this one:

MATTER
extended
locatable in space
publicly observable
causally determined
objective
cannot be "about" anything

MIND
not extended
not locatable in space
private to one person only
possesses free will
subjective
able to represent other things

I do not think that the mind is a thing,a substance, unlike Descartes who did think that, but neither do
I think that the mind is equivalent to matter. Instead, I would argue that the main difference between
mind and matter lies in what is called the Qualitative aspect of the mental. To have a mind, to be
conscious means that there is some way it feels to be having those experience. This qualitative
character is subjective, that is, whatever experiences I have belong to me in a way that they do not
belong to anyone else, and although others may know what experience I am having, they do not
know what it is likefor me to have these experiences.

Brian Tee
Dept of Philosophy
University of Sheffield.